Information of Darjeeling railway & other attraction

 Darjeeling is a city in the Indian state of West Bengal. The town is the headquarters of the Darjeeling district. This city is situated in the Shivalik range in the lesser Himalayas. The average altitude here is 2,134 meters (6,982 ft).

The word Darjeeling is derived from two Tibetan words, Dorje (thunderbolt) and Ling (place). It means "the place of millets."[1] During the British Raj in India, Darjeeling was made a hill station due to its temperate climate. The British residents used to come here during the summer season to get rid of the heat.

Darjeeling is internationally famous for its Darjeeling tea. The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway of Darjeeling is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a famous site. The cultivation of tea here started from 1856. The tea growers here have created a blend of black tea and fermenting techniques that are among the best in the world. [2] The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, which connects Darjeeling town to the Samthar site, was declared a World Heritage Site in 1999. . This steam operated device is rarely seen in India.

Darjeeling also has British-style private schools, which attract many students from India and Nepal. In the 1980s, the demand for the statehood of Gorkhaland started from this city and its nearby city of Kalimpong. Now this demand of the state has reduced somewhat as a result of the formation of an autonomous hill council. In recent times, the environment here is deteriorating due to more tourists and haphazard urbanization.

Introduction

This place was discovered during the Anglo-Nepal war when a British troop was looking for a short cut to reach Sikkim. Due to the easy access to Sikkim through this route, this place was strategically important for the British. Apart from this, this place was also very prosperous naturally. The cold climate and snowfall here was in favor of the British. For this reason, the British people started settling here slowly.

Initially Darjeeling was a part of Sikkim. Later Bhutan captured it. But after some time Sikkim recaptured it. But again in the 18th century, it was lost to Nepal. But even Nepal could not retain its authority for a long time. After the defeat in Anglo-Nepal in 1817 AD, Nepal had to hand it over to the East India Company.

Due to its strategic importance and the political situation at that time, Darjeeling turned into a battleground in the 1840s and 50s. At that time this place had become a venue for the demonstration of power of various countries. First the people of Tibet came here. After that the Europeans came. After this Russian people settled here. The Amir of Afghanistan chased them all away from here. This political instability ended only when the Amir of Afghanistan was defeated in a war with the British. Since then it was occupied by the British. Later it also became the workplace of the Japanese, the Kuomintang and the Indian National Army of Subhash Chandra Bose. After independence, Buddhist monks who fled from Lhasa settled here.

Presently Darjeeling is a part of West Bengal. The city is spread over an area of 3149 square kilometers. This city is triangular. Its northern part is adjacent to Nepal and Sikkim. Here autumn which is from October to March. It is very cold here during this season. The summer season here lasts from April to June. The weather at this time is mildly cool. It rains here from June to September. Most of the tourists come here in summer only.

Highlights

This city is situated on the top of the mountain. There is a network of roads here. These roads are connected to each other. While roaming these streets, you will come across many buildings built during the colonial period. These buildings look quite attractive even today. The old windows in these buildings and the chimneys made to extract the smoke are reminiscent of the old times. You can also find cemeteries, old school buildings and churches here. Along with the buildings of the old times, you will also see the concrete buildings of the present day here. The combination of old and new buildings gives this city a special beauty.

Sakya Monastery : This monastery is situated at a distance of eight kilometers from Darjeeling. Sakya Math is a very historical and important monastery of the Sakya sect. This Math was established in 1915 AD. It also has a prayer hall. 60 Buddhist monks can pray together in this prayer hall.

Drug-thubtan-sangg-chosling-monastery : The 11th Gyulwang Drugchen Tanzin Khyen-Rab Gelegs Wangpo died in 1960. In his memory, this Math was established in 1971 AD. The construction of this monastery was done in Tibetan style. Later this Math was re-established in 1993 AD. It was unveiled by the Dalai Lama.

Macadog Monastery : This monastery is situated at a distance of three kilometers from Chowrasta in Alubari village. This monastery belongs to the Yolmova sect of Buddhism. This monastery was established by Sri Sangay Lama. Sange Lama was the head of the Yolmova sect. It is a small community that earlier lived in the northeastern part of Nepal. But later the people of this community came and settled in Darjeeling. The construction work of this monastery was completed in 1914 AD. In this monastery, every effort has been made to depict the social, cultural and religious identity of the people of Yolmova sect.

Japanese Temple (Peace Pagoda) : This stupa was established by Fuji Guru who was a friend of Mahatma Gandhi to bring peace to the world. There are a total of six Shanti Stupas in India. Nippon Myoji Buddhist Temple which is in Darjeeling is also one of them. The construction work of this temple started in 1972 AD. This temple was opened for the common people on 1 November 1992 AD. From this temple, there is a beautiful view of the entire Darjeeling and Kangchenjunga range.

Tiger Hill : The main joy of Tiger Hill is in climbing it. You will find tourists climbing it every morning. Kangchenjunga peak is near this. From 1838 to 1849 AD, it was considered the highest peak in the world. But from the survey conducted in 1856, it became clear that not Kangchenjunga but Sagarmatha of Nepal, which was named Everest by the British, is the highest peak in the world. If you are lucky, you can see both Kangjanjunga and Everest peaks from Tiger Hill. There is a difference of only 827 feet in the height of these two peaks. Presently Kangchenjunga is the third highest peak in the world. Kangchenjunga has been awarded the title of the most romantic mountain. Due to its beauty, tourists have awarded it this title. Many poems have been written on the beauty of this peak. Apart from this, this peak has been shown many times in Satyajit Ray's films.Free to watch only, the fee for climbing the tower is Rs.10. The fee for sitting on the tower is Rs.30. You can even go by jeep. The fare from Darjeeling to here and back is Rs.65 to 70. is between

Ghum Monastery (Gelugus) :Near Tiger Hill is the Ega Choeling Tibetan Monastery. This monastery belongs to the Gelugs sect. This Math is also known as Ghoom Math. According to historians, this monastery was not established for religious purposes but for political meetings.This monastery was established in 1850 AD by a Mongolian monk, Lama Sherpa Yaltsu. Yaltsu came to India around 1820 AD to fulfill his religious desires. A 15 feet high statue of Buddha was installed in this monastery in 1918 AD. At that time, 25000 rupees were spent on making this idol. The cost was incurred. This idol is made of a precious stone and gold plated on it. There is also a collection of valuable texts in this monastery. These texts are translated from Sanskrit to Tibetan language. Kalidasa's Meghdoot is also included in these texts. There is another Gelugpa monastery established by Samten Choling near Hill Cart Road. Timings: Open on all days. Photography is allowed outside the monastery.

This is the oldest monastery in Darjeeling. It was originally built by Lama Dorje Ringje in 1765 AD on Observatory Hill. This monastery was looted by the Nepalese in 1815 AD. After this, this monastery was re-established in 1861 AD near St. Andrew's Church. It was finally established in 1879 AD in Bhutia Basti, near its present location Chaurasta. This monastery is built in Tibetan-Nepali style. Precious ancient Buddhist material is also kept in this monastery.

The Makhala temple here is very attractive. This temple is established at the same place where the Bhutia-Basti-Math was initially built. This temple must also be visited. Timings: Open on all days. Photography is allowed only outside the monastery.

Tenzing's Legacy : The Himalayan Mountaineering Institute was established in 1954 AD. It may be noted that the Himalayas were conquered for the first time in 1953 AD. Tenzing was the director of this institute for many years. There is also a mountaineering museum here. In this museum, objects related to many historical expeditions made to climb the Himalayas have been kept. One of the galleries of this museum is known as Everest Museum. Everest related items have been kept in this gallery. Mountaineering training is also given in this institute.

Entry Fee: Rs 25 (Includes entrance fee to Biological Park) Tel: 0354-2270158 Timings: 10 AM to 4:30 PM (Half an hour off in between). Thursday closed.organic garden

The Padmaja-Naidu-Himalayan Biological Park is situated on the right side of the Mountaineering Institute. The park is famous for its breeding program for snow leopard and red panda. You can also spot Siberian tigers and Tibetan wolves here.

The Lords Botanical Garden is in the old market below the main bus stop. This garden is named after Mr.W. Named after Leonard. Leonard was a famous banker here who donated the land for this garden in 1878 AD. The garden has a valuable collection of 50 species of orchids. Timings: 6 AM to 5 PM.

The Natural History Museum is located near this botanical garden. This museum was established in 1903 AD. Here different varieties of birds, reptiles, animals and insects have been kept in a state of conservation.

Timings: 10 AM to 4:30 PM. Thursday closed.

Tibetan Refugee Camp : The Tibetan Refugee Self Help Center (tel: 0354-2252552) is located 45 minutes walk from Chowrasta. This camp was established in 1959 AD. A year before this, in 1958, the Dalai Lama had sought refuge in India. It was in this camp that the 13th Dalai Lama (currently the 14th Dalai Lama) spent his time in exile from 1910 to 1912. The building where the 13th Dalai Lama lived is in ruins today.

Today this refugee camp is home to 650 Tibetan families. These Tibetan people sell different types of goods here. These items include carpets, woolen clothes, wooden artefacts, toys made of metal. But if you want to fully enjoy visiting this refugee camp, then definitely visit the workshop to make these things. This workshop remains open for tourists.

organic garden : The Padmaja-Naidu-Himalayan Biological Park is situated on the right side of the Mountaineering Institute. The park is famous for its breeding program for snow leopard and red panda. You can also spot Siberian tigers and Tibetan wolves here.

toy train : This unique train was built in the second half of the 19th century. The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway is a wonderful piece of engineering. This railroad is 70 kilometers long. This entire railway section is situated at an altitude of 7546 feet above sea level. Engineers had to work hard in the construction of this section. This section passes through many zigzag routes and circular routes. But the most beautiful part of this section is Batashia loop. At this place the railway section becomes in the shape of eight points.

If you do not want to travel the entire Darjeeling by train, then you can take this train from Darjeeling station to Ghoom Math. While traveling by this train, you can enjoy the natural views around it. To travel on this train either go very early in the morning or late in the evening. At other times it is very crowded.

tea garden : Darjeeling was once famous for spices. Darjeeling is known globally for tea only. Dr. Campbell, the first inspector appointed by the East India Company in Darjeeling, first planted tea seeds in his garden around the 1830s or 40s. Christian missionaries, the Barenas brothers, planted medium-sized tea plants in the 1880s. The Baren brothers did a lot of work in this direction. The tea garden planted by the Baren Bandhs is currently known as the Bainukkavarna Tea Garden (tel: 0354-2276712).

The first seed of tea which was of Chinese bush was brought from Kumaon Hill. But with time it became famous as Darjeeling tea. In 1886, T.T. Copper estimated that 600,000 lb of Chinese tea was consumed annually in Tibet. It was mainly produced in Sejhwan province. Copper was of the view that if Tibetans used Indian tea instead of Chinese tea, India would get a very valuable market. Everyone knows the history after this.

Due to the local soil and the Himalayan air, the quality of Darjeeling tea is excellent. At present there are about 87 tea gardens in and around Darjeeling. About 50,000 people have got work in these gardens. Each tea garden has its own history. Similarly, the variety of tea in each tea garden is different. But these teas are collectively known as 'Darjeeling tea'. The best time to visit these gardens is during the summer when the tea leaves are plucked. The Happy-Valley-Tea Garden (Tel: 2252405) which is 3 km from the town is easily accessible. Here you can see laborers plucking tea leaves. You can also watch the fresh leaves being converted into tea. But to visit the tea garden, it is necessary to give prior information to the managers of these gardens.

Season

The temperate climate of Darjeeling consists of 6 seasons: spring, summer, autumn or winter, monsoon. and (Shishir Ritu - Hemant Ritu)

Information of Gwalior Fort

Gwalior Fort is located near Gwalior in Madhya Pradesh, central India. The fort is divided into two parts with a fortified structure. One part is Gujari Mahal and the other is Man Mandir. It was built by Raja Man Singh Tomar in the 8th century.

Many kings have controlled this fort at different times in history. Gujari Mahal was built for Queen Mrignayani. It is now known as a historical museum. The oldest documents related to "zero" were found in a temple on the way to the top of this fort. It was almost 1500 years old.

History of Gwalior Fort 

There is no solid evidence of the time it took to build the Gwalior Fort. But according to the local residents, it was built by Raja Suraj Sen in the 8th century. He got it built in the name of a monk named Gwalipa as a thank you. It is said that the sage got rid of leprosy by turning the holy water of a pond yellow.

The sage had blessed him with the title of "Pal". This fort would remain under the control of his family as long as he kept this title with his name. Suraj Sen Pal's 83 successors had control of this fort but lost this fort to the 84th descendant.

According to historical documents and evidences, this fort definitely existed in the 10th century, but there is no evidence of its existence before that.

But the carvings and structures made in the premises of the fort indicate its existence in the 6th century as well; The reason for this is that some documents found in the Gwalior Fort mention the construction of the Sun Temple by King Mihirakula of the Huna dynasty. Gurjara-Pratiharasin had built the "Teli Ka Mandir" inside the fort in the 9th century.

Diwan Kachhapaght of the Chandela dynasty had control of this fort in the 10th century. Muslim kings attacked the fort from the 11th century onwards. Mahmud Ghazni captured the fort for 4 days and returned the fort in exchange for 35 elephants, it is mentioned in Tabaqti Akbari.

The Ghurid vizier Qutb al-Din Aibak, who later became the king of the Delhi Sultanate, conquered the fort after a long battle. After that Delhi again lost this fort but in 1232 Iltumish captured it again.

In 1398 the fort came under the control of the Tomar Rajput dynasty. Tomar Raja Man Singh made beautiful constructions inside the fort in the fort. Sultan Sikandar Lodhi of Delhi attacked the fort in 1505 with the intention of capturing it but he did not succeed.

In 1516 Sikandar Lodhi's son Ibrahim Lodhi attacked again, in this battle Man Singh Tomar lost his life and the Tomar dynasty surrendered after a year's struggle.

After 10 years, the Mughal emperor Babur captured this fort from the Delhi Sultanate, but in 1542, the Mughals had to lose the Gwalior fort to Sher Shah Suri. In 1558, Babur's grandson Akbar recaptured the fort. Akbar converted this fort into a prison for his political prisoners.

Akbar's cousin Kamran was kept as a prisoner here and then he was sentenced to death. Aurangzeb's brother Murad and nephew Soleiman and Safar Shiko were also sentenced to death in this fort. All these murders were done in the Man Mandir palace.

After the death of Aurangzeb, the control of this fort passed to the Ranas of Gohad. The Maratha king Mahadji Shinde (Scindia) captured the fort by defeating the Gohad king Rana Chhatar Singh, but soon lost it to the East India Company.

On 3 August 1780, the British captured the Gwalior fort by a midnight guerrilla war under the leadership of Captain Popham and Bruce. In 1780, Governor Warren Hastings restored the rights of the fort to Gohad Rana. After 4 years the Marathas again captured the fort.

This time the British did not interfere because they were cheated by Gohar Rana. Daulat Rao Scindia again lost this fort in the second Maratha-English war.

Between 1808 and 1844, the control of this fort kept coming in the hands of the Marathas and sometimes in the hands of the British. After the war of Maharajpur, in January 1844, the British gave this fort to the Maratha Scindia dynasty by appointing them as their Diwan.

During the Revolt of 1857, about 7000 soldiers stationed in Gwalior rebelled against the Company Raj. Even at this time, the vassal king Jiyaji Scindia maintained his loyalty towards the British. In 1858, the British recaptured this fort. The British gave some princely states to Jiyaji but kept the possession of the fort with themselves.

In 1886, the British took control of the whole of India and this fort had no special importance for them, so they gave it to the Scindia family. The Scindia family ruled the fort till India's independence (1947) and built many buildings, including the Jai Vilas Mahal.

The fort was kept in good care and many constructions were done in it like palaces, temples, water tanks etc. It has many palaces like Man Mandir, Gujari Jahangir, Shah Jahan. This fort is in an area of 3 kilometers and is 35 feet high. Its walls have been made from the sides of the mountain and it has been connected with 6 towers.

It has two doors, one in the north-east and the other in the south-west. The name of the main gate is Hathi Pul and the name of the second gate is Badalgarh gate. Manmandir Palace is located in the north-west, it was built in the 15th century and was renovated in 1648.

And that is why there has been a lot of discussion about this Gwalior fort in history. This is a priceless treasure given to us by history, whose importance is as much today as it was in the past.

Vaishnodevi Temple - Jammu Kashmir

 Vaishno Devi Temple is a pilgrimage site (temple) located on the hill of Vaishno Devi in Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is one of the holiest Hindu temples dedicated to Shakti. In Hinduism, Vaishno Devi, also known as Mata Rani and Vaishnavi, is an incarnation of the Mother Goddess. The journey to reach this temple situated in the beautiful plains is very difficult, but it is said that on a call from the 'mother of mountains', her devotees make this journey successful with the power of faith and belief. Lakhs of pilgrims visit the temple every year and it is the second most visited religious pilgrimage site in India after the Tirumala Venkateswara Temple.

Vaishno Devi Temple is located near Katra town in Jammu district of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. It is one of the most revered holy sites in northern India. The temple is situated at an altitude of 5,200 ft and at a distance of about 12 kilometers (7.45 mi) from Katra. The hill on which this temple is built is known as Vaishno Devi hill. The temple is maintained by Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Tirtha Mandal. It is said that on one call of the mother, her devotees come running to visit the mother. Mother has unbreakable love with the devotees, that's why devotees definitely go to visit the Vaishno Mata temple situated in the lap of the mountains after working hard.

There is special recognition of the darshan of Maa Vaishno Devi during Navratras. For these nine days, whether in the country or abroad, lakhs of people come to visit Maa Vaishno Devi. By the way, it is also said that Goddess Vaishno Devi of the mountains fulfills everyone's wishes. Whoever goes to his court with a true heart, his every wish is fulfilled. Such is the true court of Mata Vaishno Devi. Devotees of Mata believe that when Mata calls, the devotee reaches her court with some pretext or the other. The one who goes without being invited, no matter how much he wants, he cannot see the mother.

In practical terms, Mata Vaishno Devi is the collective form of knowledge, glory and strength, because there are three forms of Adishakti – first Mahasaraswati, who is the goddess of knowledge, second Mahalakshmi, the goddess of wealth and third Mahakali or Durga, who is the power. Format is considered. To become superior and successful on the ground of life and to touch the heights, education, money and strength are necessary, which is possible only through hard work and hard work.

This journey of Mother also gives inspiration and strength to face difficulties and struggles in the journey of life and achieve your goal with full confidence. This famous court of Mother Vaishno Devi is considered to be one of the 51 Shaktipeeths, along with being a major pilgrimage center for Hindus, where lakhs of devotees come from far and wide to visit the mother.

It is one of the most revered holy sites in northern India. Mahalakshmi, Mahakali and Mahasaraswati are established in Pindi form in the cave of Maa Vaishno Devi, geologists also tell this cave to be several billion years old. This cave of Mata is at a distance of 61 km from North Jammu in Trikuta mountain. During this holy journey of Vaishno Devi, devotees also avail the darshan of pilgrimages like Devamai, Baan Ganga, Charan Paduka, Garbh Jun Gufa, Bhairav Temple etc. The temple is situated at an altitude of about 6500 km above sea level.

Many stories are prevalent about Mata Vaishno Devi. According to a famous ancient belief, once the mother of mountains, being pleased with the devotion of one of her supreme devotees, saved his shame and gave proof of her existence to the whole creation. 2 km from present Katra town. Sridhar, the supreme devotee of Maa Vaishnavi, lived in Hansali village situated at a distance of He was sad because of being childless. One day he called unmarried girls for Navratri worship. Maa Vaishno sat among them in the form of a girl. After the worship, all the girls left but Maa Vaishno Devi remained there and said to Sridhar- 'Invite everyone to come to your home for Bhandara.' Sridhar obeyed that divine girl and the message of Bhandara reached the nearby villages. Gave. While returning from there, along with Guru Gorakhnath and his disciple Baba Bhairavnath ji, his other disciples were also invited for food. After getting the invitation for food, all the villagers were surprised that who is that girl who wants to feed so many people? After this, many villagers came and gathered at Shridhar's house for food. Then Mother Vaishno Devi in the form of a girl started serving food to everyone from a strange vessel.

While serving food, the girl went to Bhairavnath. Then he said that instead of kheer-puri, I would eat meat and drink alcohol. Then the mother in the form of a girl explained to him that this is the food at Brahmin's place, non-vegetarian is not eaten in it. But Bhairavnath deliberately stuck to his point. When Bhairavnath wanted to catch that girl, then the mother came to know about his hypocrisy. Mother changed into the form of air and flew towards Trikuta mountain. Bhairavnath also followed him. It is believed that Pawanputra Hanuman was also there to protect the mother. According to belief, at that time also Hanumanji was with him to protect the mother. When Hanumanji felt thirsty, on his request, the mother took out a water stream by shooting an arrow from the bow on the mountain and washed her hair in that water. Today this holy stream is known as Banganga, by drinking or bathing in its holy water, all the tiredness and troubles of the devotees go away.

During this, the mother entered a cave and did penance for nine months. Bhairavnath also followed him till there. Then a monk said to Bhairavnath that the one whom you are considering as a girl is Adishakti Jagdamba. That's why stop chasing that superpower. Bhairavnath did not listen to the monk. Then the mother made a way out from the other side of the cave. This cave is still famous by the name of Ardhakumari or Adikumari or Garbhjoon. There is also the foot paduka of the mother before Ardhquari. This is the place where mother turned back to see Bhairavnath while running away. After coming out of the cave, the girl assumed the form of a goddess. Mata warned Bhairavnath and asked him to return. Still he did not agree. Mother went inside the cave. Then Hanumanji fought with Bhairav outside the cave to protect the mother.

Bhairav still did not give up when the brave Hanuman started getting tired, then Mata Vaishnavi took the form of Mahakali and killed Bhairavnath. Bhairavnath's head was cut off and fell in the Bhairav valley of Trikuta mountain, 8 km away from the building. That place is known as the temple of Bhaironath. The place where Maa Vaishno Devi killed Hathi Bhairavnath is famous as 'Holy Cave' or 'Bhavan'. At this place Maa Kali (right), Maa Saraswati (middle) and Maa Lakshmi (left) are enshrined in the cave in the form of pindis. The combined form of these three is called the form of Maa Vaishno Devi. Along with these three grand Pindis, there are idols and instruments installed by some devoted devotees and former kings of Jammu and Kashmir. It is said that after his slaughter, Bhairavnath repented of his mistake and begged for forgiveness from the mother.

Mata Vaishno Devi knew that Bhairav`s main intention behind attacking her was to attain salvation, she not only freed Bhairav from the cycle of rebirth but also gave him a boon saying that my darshan would not be considered complete till then , until a devotee will visit you after me. According to the same belief, even today, after visiting Mata Vaishno Devi, devotees climb a steep climb of 8 kilometers to visit Bhairavnath. Meanwhile Vaishno Devi assumed the shape of a rock with three pindas (heads) and became eternally meditative. Meanwhile Pandit Sridhar became impatient. They proceeded towards the Trikuta mountain in the same way that they had seen in the dream, finally they reached the entrance of the cave, they made it their routine to worship the 'Pindas' in various ways, the goddess was pleased with their worship, they appeared before them. appeared and blessed them. Since then, Shridhar and his descendants have been worshiping Goddess Maa Vaishno Devi.

How to Reach Vaishno Devi Temple 

Jammu is the first stop for the devotees who want to visit Maa Vaishno Devi. You can reach Jammu by bus, taxi, train or flight. Jammu is connected by broad gauge line. The number of pilgrims visiting Vaishno Devi increases in summer, so every year special trains are run by the Railways from Delhi to Jammu for the convenience of the pilgrims. Jammu is connected by National Highway 1A of India. So if you want to reach Jammu by bus or taxi also then you will have no problem. You can easily get direct buses and taxis from many major cities of North India to Jammu. The starting base camp for the journey to Maa Ke Bhawan is Katra, a village in Jammu district. The distance from Jammu to Katra is about 50 km. Bus and taxi services ply between Katra and Jammu. Katra is situated at an altitude of 2500 feet above sea level. You can easily reach Katra by bus or taxi. Several buses are also available from Jammu Railway Station to Katra, by which you can reach Katra in about 2 hours. If you want to reach Katra by taxi, then you can travel by taxi to Katra by spending 500 to 1000 rupees, which will reach you to Katra in about 1 hour.

Maa Vaishno Devi Yatra starts from Katra. Most travelers start their journey by resting here. The distance from Katra to Ardhkumari Temple and the main temple of Maa is approximately 8 and 12 kilometers respectively. The distance of Bhairavnath from the holy cave of Maa is about 8 kms. Pilgrims keep on climbing throughout the night to have a darshan of the mother. Free 'travel slip' is available for darshan of Mata from Katra itself. Only after taking this slip, you can start the climb from Katra to the court of Maa Vaishno. Three hours after taking this slip, you have to make an entry at 'Baan Ganga Check Point' before the start of climbing and you can start climbing only after checking the luggage there. If you do not make an entry at the check post within three hours after taking the Yatra Slip, your Yatra Slip may be cancelled. So always keep in mind that take the travel slip at the time of starting the journey. For those who are not able to make the strenuous climb, there are palanquins, and horse-drawn facilities from Ban Ganga. Now even the battery operated auto is being run by the temple administration from the semi-virgin temple to the main gate of Mata. In which five-six passengers can travel comfortably at a time.

Some devotees climb on foot to visit Mata's cave and some hire palanquins, horses or pittu to make this difficult climb easier. To carry small children for the climb, you can book local people on hire, who will take your children on the back for a fixed fee. The fare for a palanquin, pittu or horse for a person to climb from Katra to Bhawan (holy cave of Maa Vaishno Devi) ranges from 250 to 350 rupees. Apart from this, you will have to pay extra charges for seating small children or overweight person. During the climb, there is arrangement for refreshments and food at various places along the way. By paying which you can avail this facility. Travelers wishing to visit Maa in less time can also take advantage of helicopter facility. By spending around Rs 2200 to Rs 3500, visitors can reach Sanjichhat from Katra by helicopter (situated at a distance of few km from Bhairavnath Temple). Free 'cloak room' facility is also available for keeping your luggage at some places during the climb up to Katra and main building.

Vaishno Devi Safety Tips

• Although devotees visit Maa Vaishno Devi throughout the year, but the best season to visit here is summer.
• The minimum temperature of the building in winter goes down to -3 to -4 degree and there is a danger of rock slide due to this season. So avoid traveling in this season.
• Blood pressure patients should not use stairs for climbing.
• Due to the building being situated at a height, you may have problems related to vomiting and nausea while climbing up here, to avoid which keep necessary medicines with you.
• As far as possible, take the least amount of luggage with you during the ascent so that you do not face any problem during the ascent.
• The stick will prove to be very helpful for you in climbing on foot.
• Trekking shoes will be very comfortable for you in climbing.
• Mother's praise will solve all the difficulties in your path.

New Delhi - the city of cities

 New Delhi  is the capital of India. It serves as the center of the Government of India and the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is located within the metropolitan city of Delhi, and is one of the eleven districts of the Union Territory of Delhi. Calcutta (now Kolkata) was the capital of India till 1911 during the British rule on India. The British rulers felt that in order to run the country in a better way, it would be better if Delhi is made the capital instead of Calcutta because from here the governance would be more effective. After considering this, the British Maharaja George V gave orders to move the country's capital to Delhi.

The population of the metropolitan city of Delhi was 16.8 million in 2011.  Delhi's population makes it the fifth most populous in the world, and the largest metropolitan city in India. In terms of area as well, Delhi is one of the largest metropolitan cities in the world. After Mumbai, it is the second richest city in the country, and Delhi's GDP is second only to cities in South, West and Central Asia. New Delhi is known for its wide streets, tree-lined avenues and many of the country's top institutions and landmarks.

The foundation of the city was laid by the Emperor of India, George V, on 15 December, during the Delhi Durbar of 1911, and designed by prominent British architects Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker. New Delhi was inaugurated on 13 February 1931 by Lord Irwin, the Governor General of British India.

Although both the names Delhi and New Delhi are colloquially used to refer to the jurisdiction of the National Capital Territory of Delhi, they are two separate entities and New Delhi is a small part of the metropolitan city of Delhi.

Establishment

Calcutta (now Kolkata) was the capital of India during the British Raj until December 1911. Delhi served as the political and financial center of several empires in ancient India and the Delhi Sultanate, most notably during the rule of the Mughal Empire from 1694 to 1857. During the early 1900s, the British administration was proposed to shift the capital of the British Indian Empire from Calcutta on the east coast to Delhi. It would be easy.  Land acquisition for the construction of the new city of Delhi was done under the Land Acquisition Act of 1894. 

On 12 December 1911, the then Emperor of India, George V and his Queen Mary, during the Delhi Durbar, laying the foundation stone for the Viceroy's residence in Coronation Park, Kingsway Camp  (now Guru Tegh Bahadur Nagar) announced that the capital of the administration would be shifted from Kolkata to Delhi. On 15 December 1911, during their royal visit to Kingways Camp, George V and Queen Mary laid the foundation of New Delhi at the Delhi Durbar of 1911. The construction of large parts of New Delhi was planned by Edwin Lutyens, who in 1912 first Delhi and Herbert Baker, both prominent British architects of the 20th century. The contract for construction was awarded to Sobha Singh. The construction work was to start from the Tughlaqabad Fort in Tughlaqabad, but it was stopped because of the Delhi-Calcutta trunk line, which passed through the fort. In fact the construction work started after the First World War and was completed in 1931. The city, renamed "Lutyens' Delhi", was inaugurated on 10 February 1931 by the then Governor General of India, Lord Irwin.  Edwin Lutyens built the central administrative areas of the city based on British imperialism. 

Soon Lutyens started considering constructions at other locations. In fact, the Delhi Town Planning Committee, set up to plan the construction of Delhi, with George Swinton as chairman and John A. Brodie and Edwin Lutyens as members, submitted reports for both the north and the south. But, due to the high cost, the Viceroy rejected it. The central axis of New Delhi, which is to the east of India Gate, was to be a north-south axis, which was planned to connect Rashtrapati Bhavan at one end and Paharganj at the other end. During the early years of the project, many tourists believed that it was a gate connecting earth to heaven.

Eventually, due to space constraints and the presence of a large number of historical sites in the north, the committee selected the southern part. was chosen for the construction of what was then known as the Viceroy's House. The reason for this choice was that the hill was located directly opposite the Dinpanah Citadel, which was also believed to be the site of Indraprastha, the ancient region of Delhi. Subsequently, the foundation stone was moved from the Delhi Durbar of 1911–1912, where the Coronation Pillar stood and embedded in the walls of the forecourt of the Secretariat. Rajpath, also known as King's Way, stretches from India Gate to Rashtrapati Bhavan. The Secretariat Building, two of which are the Rashtrapati Bhavan and the Ministries of the Government of India, and the Parliament House, both designed by Baker, are located on Sansad Marg and run parallel to Rajpath.

To the south, land up to Safdarjung's mausoleum was acquired to build what is today known as the area of Lutyens' Bungalow.  A circular railway line, called the Imperial Delhi Railway, was built around the Council House (present-day Parliament House) to transport construction materials and workers for the next twenty years, before construction began on the rocky outcropping of Raisina Hill. to be done . The final problem was the Agra–Delhi railway line, which cut through the site earmarked for the hexagonal All-India War Memorial (India Gate) and the Kingsway (Rajpath), which was a problem because at that time the Old Delhi Railway Station, Used to supply the transport of the whole city. The railway line was shifted along the Yamuna River, and it became operational in 1924. New Delhi railway station opened in 1926, with a single platform at Ajmeri Gate near Paharganj, and was completed in 1931 at the opening of the city.When the Viceroy's House (present-day Rashtrapati Bhavan), the Central Secretariat, The construction of the Parliament House and the All India War Memorial (India Gate) was nearing completion, the construction of a shopping district and a new plaza, Connaught Place, began in 1929, and was completed by 1933. Named after Prince Arthur (1850–1942), 1st Prince of Connaught, it was designed by the Chief Architect of the Public Works Department (PWD), Robert Tor Russell.

Within a few months in 1912, a temporary secretariat building was constructed in North Delhi, after India's capital was shifted to Delhi. Most of the government offices in the new capital were shifted here from the Old Secretariat in Old Delhi a decade before the new capital was inaugurated. Many employees were brought to the new capital from distant parts of India, including the Bengal Presidency and the Madras Presidency. Also, in the 1920s, houses were constructed for their residence in Gol Market. In the 1940s, bungalows for high-ranking government officials were constructed near the Lodhi Estate. Lodhi Colony, near Lodhi Garden, was the last residential area built by the British Raj.

After Independence

After India gained independence in 1947, New Delhi was granted limited autonomy and was administered by a Chief Commissioner appointed by the Government of India. In 1966, Delhi was converted into a Union Territory, and the Chief Commissioner was replaced by a Lieutenant Governor. The Union Territory of Delhi was formally renamed as the National Capital Territory of Delhi under the Constitution (Sixteenth Amendment) Act, 1991. Made under the Central Government. Actual enforcement of the law came in 1993.

New Delhi's first major expansion outside Lutyens' Delhi took place in the 1950s, when the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) developed a large area of land, in the southwest part of Lutyens' Delhi, to create the diplomatic enclave of Chanakya Puri. and land was allotted around Shanti Path for embassies, high commissions and ambassadors' residence.

Geography

With a total area of 42.7 km (16.5 sq mi), New Delhi is a small part of the metropolitan city of Delhi.  Since the city is located on the Indo-Gangetic plain, there is variation in elevation across the city. New Delhi and its surrounding areas were once part of the Aravalli hills, today only part of those hills remain, which is the Delhi Ridge, also known as the lungs of Delhi. New Delhi is situated on the floodplain of the Yamuna River. To the east of the river is the urban area of Shahdara. New Delhi lies in the seismic zone-IV, due to which, the region is prone to earthquakes.

seismology

Most of the earthquakes that occur in New Delhi are of mild intensity. The number of earthquakes increased between 2011 and 2015, of which the 2015 earthquake of magnitude 5.4 was the highest, with the epicenter in Nepal. Twelve earthquakes, including a 4.7-magnitude earthquake on 25 November 2007, a 4.2-magnitude earthquake on 7 September 2011, a 5.2-magnitude earthquake on 5 March 2012, and four on 12 November 2013 with magnitudes 2.5, 2.8, 3.1 and 3.3 Returns.

climate

The climate of New Delhi is on the border between a warm semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh) and a dry-winter humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa). There is a high variation in both summer and winter temperatures and rainfall. The temperature in summer is 46 °C. (115 °F) to about 0 °C in winter. (32 °F). The climate here is quite different from cities in other humid subtropical climates. It has long and very hot summers with dust storms, relatively cold, dry and hazy, mild winters. Summer is from early April to October, with the monsoon season occurring in the middle of summer, winter starts from the month of November and January is the coldest. The annual average temperature here is about 25 °C. (77 °F), while monthly daily mean temperatures range from 14 to 34 °C. (57 to 93 °F). The highest temperature of New Delhi was 48.4 °C. (119.1 °F), recorded on 26 May 1998, while the lowest temperature ever recorded was −2.2 °C. (28.0 °F) was recorded on 11 January 1967, both temperatures at Indira Gandhi International Airport (formerly Palam Airport).  The average annual rainfall is 714 millimeters (2,343 ft), with most of Occurs during the monsoon in the months of July and August. 

air quality

In 2015, Mercer's annual quality of life survey of 230 cities ranked New Delhi 154th due to poor air quality and pollution. Of the 1600 cities, New Delhi was the most polluted city.  In 2016, the United States Environmental Protection Agency listed New Delhi as the most polluted city on Earth.

In an effort to reduce air pollution in New Delhi during the winter, in an effort to reduce it, in December 2015 the Delhi government introduced a temporary alternate day travel for cars, using an odd and even-numbered license plate system. The plan was announced. In addition, trucks were allowed to enter Delhi only after 11 pm.The ban was planned to be implemented on a trial basis for an initial period of 15 days from 1 January 2016. Was. The ban was enforced between 8 a.m. and 8 p.m., and there were no traffic restrictions on Sundays. Public transport service was increased during the ban period.

On 16 December 2015, the Supreme Court of India mandated several restrictions on Delhi's transport system to prevent pollution. The court ordered a stay on registration of diesel cars and sport utility vehicles with engine capacity of 2,000 cc and above till March 31, 2016. The court also ordered all taxis in Delhi to use only compressed natural gas from March 1, 2016 onwards, in addition to banning transport vehicles over 10 years old from entering the capital.

Narmada Yatra - Madhyapradesh

Narmada Yatra: When, why and how it is done, know its importance

narmada yatra

Narmada River is the lifeline of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat, but most of it flows in Madhya Pradesh only. It originates from Amarkantak, the pilgrimage center of Madhya Pradesh and has its navel site in Nemavar Nagar. Then passing through Omkareshwar, this river enters Gujarat and merges into the Gulf of Khambhat. There are many ancient pilgrimages and cities on the banks of river Narmada. In Hindu Puranas it is called Reva river. Its parikrama is very important.

Origin of Narmada

 In Amarkantak, Kotitarth is the origin of Maa Narmada. There are about 34 temples of white color here. Here is Narmada Udgam Kund, from where Narmada river originates from where Narmada flows. The temple complexes have temples of deities like Surya, Lakshmi, Shiva, Ganesha, Vishnu etc. Amarkantak Amarkantak, situated at an altitude of 3600 feet above sea level, is called the mother of rivers. About five rivers originate from here, in which Narmada River, Son River and Johila River are the main ones. Narmada has a total of 41 tributaries. 19 from the north coast and 22 from the south coast. The catchment area of Narmada basin is one lakh square kilometer. It is three percent of the geographical area of the country and 28 percent of the area of Madhya Pradesh. Eight tributaries of Narmada are longer than 125 km. For example – Hiran 188, Banjar 183 and Budhner 177 km. But the condition of many medium rivers like Deb, Goi, Karam, Choral, Beda along with long ones is also serious. Due to the rampant cutting of forests in the catchment areas of the tributaries, they are losing their edge even before joining the Narmada.

Narmada Yatra When

Narmada Parikrama or Yatra is done in two ways. First, Narmada Panchkroshi Yatra is held every month and Narmada is circumambulated. The date of the Panchkroshi Yatra that takes place every month is given in the calendar. This journey starts from the pilgrimage cities of Amarkantak, Omkareshwar and Ujjain. It ends where it starts.

Parikrama route

 Amarkantak, Mai Ki Bagiya to Narmada Kund, Mandla, Jabalpur, Bhedaghat, Barmanghat, Pataighat, Magrol, Joshipur, Chhapaner, Nemawar, Narmada Sagar, Pamakheda, Dhavrikund, Omkareshwar, Balkeshwar, Indore, Mandleshwar, Maheshwar, Khalghat, Chikhla, Dharmarai, Katarkheda, Shoolpadi bush, Hastisangam, Chhapeshwar, Sardar Sarovar, Garudeshwar, Chandod, Bharuch. After this on return via Pondi via Bimleshwar, Koteshwar, Golden Bridge, Bulbulkand, Ramkund, Barwani, Omkareshwar, Khandwa, Hoshangabad, Sadiya, Barman, Bargi, Triveni Sangam, Maharajpur, Mandla, Dindori and then Amarkantak.

Pilgrimages of Narmada Coast

 Although there are many pilgrimages located on the banks of Narmada, but here is a list of some major pilgrimages. Amarkantak, Mandla (this was where King Sahasrabahu stopped the Narmada), Bheda-Ghat, Hoshangabad (here was the ancient Narmadapur city), Nemawar, Omkareshwar, Mandleshwar, Maheshwar, Shukleshwar, Bawan Gaja, Shulpani, Garudeshwar, Shukratirtha, Ankateshwar, Karnali, Chandod, Shukeshwar, Vyastirtha, Anasuyamai Tapa Sthal, Kanjetha Shakuntala Putra Bharat Sthal, Sinor, Angareshwar, Dhayadi Kund and finally Bhrigu-Kachchh or Bhrigu-Tirtha (Bhaduch) and Vimleshwar Mahadev Tirtha.

 

Why do the narmada yatra 

This journey full of mystery and adventure is very important.general rules In Puranas, this river is mentioned in detail with a different name Revakhand. Parikrama has great importance in Hindu religion. Parikrama means going around a general place or a person from his left side. This is also called 'Pradakshina Karna', which is a part of Shodashopachara Puja. Narmada Parikrama or Yatra is a religious journey. Whoever completes the circumambulation of either Narmada or Ganga has done the biggest work of his life. He knew everything before his death, which he would never have known in life if he had not traveled. Parikrama of Narmada has been given more importance. While there are mysteries, thrills and dangers in Narmadaji's Pradakshina Yatra, there is also a storehouse of experiences. Your life will change after this trip. Some people say that if Narmadaji's circumambulation is done properly, then Narmadaji's circumambulation is completed in 3 years, 3 months and 13 days, but some people complete it in 108 days as well. Parikrama residents walk continuously on both the banks of about 1,312 km. Many booklets are available at pilgrimage centers for the information of Shrinarmada Pradakshina.

Narmadaji is the personification of the presiding deity of quietness. Gangaji has come to the world for knowledge, Yamunaji for devotion, Brahmaputra for glory, Godavari for wealth, Krishna for desire and Saraswatiji for establishment of discretion. The whole world respects and worships him with devotion because of his purity and vitality and auspiciousness. Water has special importance in human life. This importance connects life with selfishness and charity. There is a deep connection between nature and humans. This river is the first such river in the world which flows in the opposite direction than other rivers.

 

How do the narmada yatra 

The scriptural instruction for pilgrimage is to do it in the form of pada yatra. This tradition is seen being followed in many places. Earlier, devout people used to go on pilgrimage by making big and small congregations. The routes and stops of the journey were fixed. The villages, settlements, huts, nagle purbes etc. which were found on the way, used to stop, stay, and take rest for the night at some suitable place. Wherever he stopped, discussing religion and telling stories to the people, this process used to go on from morning till evening. Katha Kirtan, satsang was organized in the night halt also. Often these trips start in the middle of November.

General rules of circumambulation

1. Take bath in Narmadaji everyday. Have refreshments only with Reva water.

2. Don't accept donations in  Pradakshina. At least send someone with devotion, because accepting hospitality is the dharma of a pilgrim. Renunciate, disinterested saints do not even eat food, they do alms which is considered like nectar.

3. Don't do pointless debate, slander, backbiting. Maintain restraint of speech. Always be truthful.

4. Always follow physical austerity - Dev, Dwij, Guru, Pragya Pujan, Shauch, Marjanam. Celibacy, non-violence of body's penance.

5. Manah Prasad: Soumya Tham Maunmatma Vinigraha. Bhava Sanshudhirityet Manas Tap Uchyate. (Gita 17th Chapter) The triple penance of Shrimadgavatgita should be accepted by human beings for lifetime. Therefore, it is appropriate for the Parikrama residents to continue reciting Gita, Ramayana etc. everyday.

6. Make a resolution in Narmadaji before starting the circumambulation. Make Prasad like Mai's Kadahi i.e. Halua and send it to girls, saints and guest visitors as per their capacity.

7. Pradakshina of the south coast should not be more than 5 miles away from the Narmada coast and pradakshina of the north coast should not be more than seven and a half miles away.

8. Do not cross Narmada ji anywhere. Don't go where there are islands in Narmada ji, but if it is necessary to cross the tributaries that join Narmada ji, then cross them only once.

9. Don't do circumambulation in Chaturmas. From Devshayani Ashadh Shukla Ekadashi to Kartik Shukla Ekadashi, all the householders observe Chaturmas. Regarding the matter of Masatmase Vaipaksha, the ascetics of the four sides often do Yati. Residents of Narmada Pradakshina do it for three months till Dussehra till Vijayadashi. At that time do mother's embroidery as much as you can. Some remain happy even in the beginning.

10. Don't carry a lot of stuff with you. Keep some light utensils and plates and bowls etc. Keep simple items that can be obtained once or twice with you.

11. Do not get hair cut. Don't cut your nails too often. Take the fast of Vanprasthi, follow celibacy completely. Keep adopting virtue. Never apply oil etc. from the point of view of makeup. Don't use soap. Always use pure soil.

12. Parikrama should start from Amarkantan and end in Amarkantak only. When the circumambulation is complete, then go to any one place and offer water after consecrating Lord Shankarji. Get the puja abhishek done. After getting tonsured, bathe again, do the embroidery of Narmada Maiya according to your enthusiasm and ability. Make sure to send the best Brahmins, saints, visitors, girls also, then after taking blessings, resolve to retire and request Narmadaji at the end.